Frutuoso Santana is a Ph.D. student in the department of economics at The New School for Social Research. He specializes in macroeconomics and political economy, and his research centers on the impact of money on economic activity. Earlier research has focused on how monetary theory and policy compounded the power asymmetries between dominant and subordinate economies, as exemplified by the Bank of England in the heyday of British hegemony and the Federal Reserve in the contemporary era. Additional work centers on the effects of quantitative easing on various economies vis-à-vis previously held assumptions about the role and function of money.